The Illusion of Level: Detailing for Water in “Flat” Architecture

​We walk on “flat” ground every day and rarely think twice—but how flat is it, really? In the city, curbs are chamfered, sidewalks pitch toward grates, and roadways are crowned to shed water into shallow gutters. In suburbs and on unpaved paths, irregular terrain is the norm. Inside buildings, by contrast, we pursue near-perfect horizontality—structural … Read more

Re‑Situating Modernity: Bruno Giacometti’s Swiss Pavilion at the Venice Biennale

Bruno Giacometti / Swiss Pavilion at the Venice Biennale. Image © Samuele Cherubini. Courtesy Pro Helvetia Amid the orderly grid of the Giardini della Biennale, the Swiss Pavilion appears almost reticent. Its low white volumes, completed in 1952 by Bruno Giacometti, seem to withdraw from the surrounding display of national pride. The building embodies a … Read more

See Through Walls: Adaptive Reuse Through Data, AI, and Circular Design

The Grid Installation and Space Reuse / Ad Hoc Practice © Trieu Chien Behind layers of plaster, paint, and finishes lies an intricate network of pipes, electrical conduits, beams, and other structural elements that make a building function and stand, yet remain invisible to the everyday eye. Within these layers, traces of different periods accumulate: … Read more